The view over the sea and the town of Terracina is impressive. To visit, you can see only a few galleries, the rest is almost everywhere closed. You walk between the walls and that's it.
Anna Stinghe
.
30 Luglio 2024
6,0
The Temple of Jupiter Anxur is a Roman temple built on an impressive substructure from the 1st century BC. on Mount Sant'Angelo, in the city of Terracina, in the province of Latina.
Mount Sant'Angelo, also known as Mount Giove (for the Romans Mons Neptunius, 227 m above sea level) constitutes the last offshoot of the Ausoni Mountains, which reaches as far as the Tyrrhenian Sea, closing the Pontine plain to the south.
On its southern slopes the Ausonian center of Terracina had arisen, then Volsco with the name of Anxur and definitively conquered by the Romans at the end of the 5th century BC. In 329 BC. the city became a Roman colony and in 312 BC. the mountain was bypassed from behind by the route of the new Via Appia, between Rome and Capua. The first polygonal terraces date back to this period, for the erection of a first sanctuary, probably linked to the oracular cult and perhaps not including a temple.
In the second half of the 2nd century BC. a renovation was needed with a series of rooms leaning against the rock upstream (so-called "small temple").
In the Silla era, at the beginning of the 1st century BC, there was a monumental reconstruction, with a city wall and a military camp to control the passage of the Appian Way and the new large temple, built on a spectacular foundation terrace in an uncertain work, with rear porch.
After the Roman era the sanctuary was destroyed and burned and the remains were known in medieval times with the name of "Theodoric's palace". In the early Middle Ages, a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Michael the Archangel was established in the area of the so-called "small temple", from which the entire hill took its current name. In particular, an internal substructure corridor was transformed into a church, with frescoes from the 9th century. Other medieval structures (remains of a square tower and enclosure walls and traces of use from the 13th century) testify to the continuation of the military use of the top of the hill.
The area was definitively abandoned at the end of the 16th century, with the depopulation of the city of Terracina. The first excavations date back to 1894, conducted by the local scholar Pio Capponi, followed by other excavations by Luigi Borsari in 1896.
The cult
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The traditional identification of the deity of the temple with Iuppiter Anxur, patron deity of the city and probably object of urban cult, is called into question both by the discovery of an inscription bearing the name of the goddess Venus and by the presence of some votive objects (including doves in glass paste) which bore engravings with a dedication to Venus Obsequens.
The minor sanctuary (probably the oldest) must have been dedicated to the cult of the goddess Feronia, perhaps introduced into the region already at the time of the Volscan occupation in the 5th century BC. This cult is in fact also attested in other parts of the city and ancient sources recall the presence of a fanum Feroniae (sacred forest) near Monte Leano. The oldest templar building may have been dedicated to the goddess Feronia, built on the terrace known as the "small temple" (from the third quarter of the 2nd century BC), which directly dominated the city and its agricultural plain, while the adjacent terrace, transformed into followed for the erection of the subsequent temple, it must have initially been reserved for the oracle.
The city wall built to the north of the sanctuary as a barrier to the Appian Way was perhaps due to the danger caused by the return of Silla towards Rome (83
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Giuseppe Guarino
.
28 Luglio 2024
10,0
The temple is beautiful, it's a shame that for what there is to see the cost of the ticket is too high, furthermore a part is under renovation.
Giulia
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23 Luglio 2024
6,0